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用户态到内核态的转换的具体流程_Linux内核分析-系统调用用户态到内核态流程(四)...
阅读量:5732 次
发布时间:2019-06-18

本文共 20056 字,大约阅读时间需要 66 分钟。

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一、什么是系统调用。

系统调用:系统调用是操作系统为用户提供的一系列API;系统调用将用户的请求发给内核,内核执行完以后,将结果返回给用户;

二、 一个系统调用的流程。

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如上图,是系统调用write()函数的调用过程,不难看出,在用户开始调用系统调用时,触发了软中断Int0X80。到这肯定有人疑问,为什么中断号是0X80,因为代码中把系统调用跟0X80绑定在一起。

中断向量:一个内存单元,存放中断处理程序入口地址和程序运行时所需处理机状态字。

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这里不再深入讲解向量表的生成,只需要知道每个中断都有对应的中断号并对应处理程序。

linux的中断向量表:

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a.0X80中断号:

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/* * 我们需要下面这些内嵌语句- 从内核空间创建进程(forking)将导致没有写时复 * 制(COPY ON WRITE)!!!直到一个执行execve 调用。这对堆栈可能带来问题。处 * 理的方法是在fork()调用之后不让main()使用任何堆栈。因此就不能有函数调 * 用- 这意味着fork 也要使用内嵌的代码,否则我们在从fork()退出时就要使用堆栈了。 * * 实际上只有pause 和fork 需要使用内嵌方式,以保证从main()中不会弄乱堆栈, * 但是我们同时还定义了其它一些函数。 */ /*_syscall0 是unistd.h 中的内嵌宏代码。以嵌入汇编的形式调用Linux 的系统调用中断0x80。Linux 的系统调用中断0x80,该中断是所有系统调用的入口。syscall0 名称中最后的0 表示无参数,1 表示1 个参数。*/static _inline _syscall0(int,fork)											static _inline _syscall0(int,pause)				// int pause()系统调用:暂停进程的执行,直到收到一个信号。								static _inline _syscall1(int,setup,void *,BIOS)	// int setup(void * BIOS)系统调用,仅用于linux 初始化(仅在这个程序中被调用)。												static _inline _syscall0(int,sync)				// int sync()系统调用:更新文件系统。 #include 
// tty 头文件,定义了有关tty_io,串行通信方面的 // 参数、常数。#include
// 调度程序头文件,定义了任务结构task_struct、第1 个 // 初始任务的数据。还有一些以宏的形式定义的有关描述符 // 参数设置和获取的嵌入式汇编函数程序。#include
// head 头文件,定义了段描述符的简单结构, // 和几个选择符常量。#include
// 系统头文件。以宏的形式定义了许多有关设置或修改 // 描述符/中断门等的嵌入式汇编子程序。#include
// io 头文件。以宏的嵌入汇编程序形式定义对io 端 // 口操作的函数。 #include
// 标准定义头文件。定义了NULL, offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER)。#include
// 标准参数头文件。以宏的形式定义变量参数列表。主要说 // 明了-个类型(va_list)和三个宏(va_start, va_arg 和 // va_end),vsprintf、vprintf、vfprintf。#include
// 文件控制头文件。用于文件及其描述符的操作控制常数 // 符号的定义。#include
// 类型头文件。定义了基本的系统数据类型。 #include
// 文件系统头文件。定义文件表结构 //(file,buffer_head,m_inode 等)。 static char printbuf[1024]; extern int vsprintf(); // 送格式化输出到一字符串中(在kernel/vsprintf.c)。extern void init(void); // 函数原形,初始化(在后面)。extern void blk_dev_init(void); // 块设备初始化子程序(kernel/blk_drv/ll_rw_blk.c)extern void chr_dev_init(void); // 字符设备初始化(kernel/chr_drv/tty_io.c)extern void hd_init(void); // 硬盘初始化程序(kernel/blk_drv/hd.c)extern void floppy_init(void); // 软驱初始化程序(kernel/blk_drv/floppy.c)extern void mem_init(long start, long end); // 内存管理初始化(mm/memory.c)extern long rd_init(long mem_start, int length); //虚拟盘初始化(kernel/blk_drv/ramdisk.c)extern long kernel_mktime(struct tm * tm); // 建立内核时间(秒)。extern long startup_time; // 内核启动时间(开机时间)(秒)。 /* * 以下这些数据是由setup.s 程序在引导时间设置的。 */#define EXT_MEM_K (*(unsigned short *)0x90002) // 1M 以后的扩展内存大小(KB)。#define DRIVE_INFO (*(struct drive_info *)0x90080) // 硬盘参数表基址。#define ORIG_ROOT_DEV (*(unsigned short *)0x901FC) // 根文件系统所在设备号。 /* * 是啊,是啊,下面这段程序很差劲,但我不知道如何正确地实现,而且好象 * 它还能运行。如果有关于实时时钟更多的资料,那我很感兴趣。这些都是试 * 探出来的,以及看了一些bios 程序,呵! */ // 这段宏读取CMOS 实时时钟信息。// 0x70 是写端口号,0x80|addr 是要读取的CMOS 内存地址。// 0x71 是读端口号。/*#define CMOS_READ(addr) ({ outb_p(0x80|addr,0x70); inb_p(0x71); })*/_inline unsigned char CMOS_READ(unsigned char addr){ outb_p(addr,0x70); return inb_p(0x71);}

下面是_system_call的汇编代码(asm.S):

_system_call:	cmp eax,nr_system_calls-1 ;// 调用号如果超出范围的话就在eax 中置-1 并退出。	ja bad_sys_call	push ds ;// 保存原段寄存器值。	push es	push fs	push edx ;// ebx,ecx,edx 中放着系统调用相应的C 语言函数的调用参数。	push ecx ;// push %ebx,%ecx,%edx as parameters	push ebx ;// to the system call	mov edx,10h ;// set up ds,es to kernel space	mov ds,dx ;// ds,es 指向内核数据段(全局描述符表中数据段描述符)。	mov es,dx	mov edx,17h ;// fs points to local data space	mov fs,dx ;// fs 指向局部数据段(局部描述符表中数据段描述符)。;// 下面这句操作数的含义是:调用地址 = _sys_call_table + %eax * 4。参见列表后的说明。;// 对应的C 程序中的sys_call_table 在include/linux/sys.h 中,其中定义了一个包括72 个;// 系统调用C 处理函数的地址数组表。	call [_sys_call_table+eax*4]	push eax ;// 把系统调用号入栈。	mov eax,_current ;// 取当前任务(进程)数据结构地址??eax。;// 下面97-100 行查看当前任务的运行状态。如果不在就绪状态(state 不等于0)就去执行调度程序。;// 如果该任务在就绪状态但counter[??]值等于0,则也去执行调度程序。	cmp dword ptr [state+eax],0 ;// state	jne reschedule	cmp dword ptr [counter+eax],0 ;// counter	je reschedule

b.现场保护与恢复

因为用户态和内核态不共用一个堆栈,所以用户态调用系统调用时,得先保存用户态的信息到寄存器,然后切入到内核态,将寄存器中的信息拷贝到内核栈开始执行,执行结束后,还原之前用户态的状态让用户态继续往下执行。

用户态程序通过ebx,ecx,edx等寄存器,传递函数参数给系统调用,ebx,ecx,edx等寄存器通过SAVE_ALL宏压到内核栈。

系统调用结束之后,RESTORE_ALL宏把SAVE_ALL宏压入的寄存器反向弹出,以用于恢复现场。

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c.调用系统调用表

syscall_handler_t *sys_call_table[] = {	[ __NR_restart_syscall ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_restart_syscall,	[ __NR_exit ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_exit,	[ __NR_fork ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fork,	[ __NR_read ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_read,	[ __NR_write ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_write, 	/* These three are declared differently in asm/unistd.h */	[ __NR_open ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_open,	[ __NR_close ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_close,	[ __NR_creat ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_creat,	[ __NR_link ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_link,	[ __NR_unlink ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_unlink,	[ __NR_execve ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_execve, 	/* declared differently in kern_util.h */	[ __NR_chdir ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_chdir,	[ __NR_time ] = um_time,	[ __NR_mknod ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mknod,	[ __NR_chmod ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_chmod,	[ __NR_lchown ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_lchown16,	[ __NR_lseek ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_lseek,	[ __NR_getpid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getpid,	[ __NR_mount ] = um_mount,	[ __NR_setuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setuid16,	[ __NR_getuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getuid16, 	[ __NR_ptrace ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ptrace,	[ __NR_alarm ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_alarm,	[ __NR_pause ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_pause,	[ __NR_utime ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_utime,	[ __NR_access ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_access,	[ __NR_sync ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sync,	[ __NR_kill ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_kill,	[ __NR_rename ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rename,	[ __NR_mkdir ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mkdir,	[ __NR_rmdir ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rmdir, 	/* Declared differently in asm/unistd.h */	[ __NR_dup ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_dup,	[ __NR_pipe ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_pipe,	[ __NR_times ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_times,	[ __NR_brk ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_brk,	[ __NR_setgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setgid16,	[ __NR_getgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getgid16,	[ __NR_geteuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_geteuid16,	[ __NR_getegid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getegid16,	[ __NR_acct ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_acct,	[ __NR_umount2 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_umount,	[ __NR_ioctl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ioctl,	[ __NR_fcntl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fcntl,	[ __NR_setpgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setpgid,	[ __NR_umask ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_umask,	[ __NR_chroot ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_chroot,	[ __NR_ustat ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ustat,	[ __NR_dup2 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_dup2,	[ __NR_getppid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getppid,	[ __NR_getpgrp ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getpgrp,	[ __NR_setsid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setsid,	[ __NR_setreuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setreuid16,	[ __NR_setregid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setregid16,	[ __NR_sethostname ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sethostname,	[ __NR_setrlimit ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setrlimit,	[ __NR_getrlimit ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_old_getrlimit,	[ __NR_getrusage ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getrusage,	[ __NR_gettimeofday ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_gettimeofday,	[ __NR_settimeofday ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_settimeofday,	[ __NR_getgroups ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getgroups16,	[ __NR_setgroups ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setgroups16,	[ __NR_symlink ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_symlink,	[ __NR_readlink ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_readlink,	[ __NR_uselib ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_uselib,	[ __NR_swapon ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_swapon,	[ __NR_reboot ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_reboot,	[ __NR_munmap ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_munmap,	[ __NR_truncate ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_truncate,	[ __NR_ftruncate ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ftruncate,	[ __NR_fchmod ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fchmod,	[ __NR_fchown ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fchown16,	[ __NR_getpriority ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getpriority,	[ __NR_setpriority ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setpriority,	[ __NR_statfs ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_statfs,	[ __NR_fstatfs ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fstatfs,	[ __NR_ioperm ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall,	[ __NR_syslog ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_syslog,	[ __NR_setitimer ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setitimer,	[ __NR_getitimer ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getitimer,	[ __NR_stat ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_newstat,	[ __NR_lstat ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_newlstat,	[ __NR_fstat ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_newfstat,	[ __NR_vhangup ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_vhangup,	[ __NR_wait4 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_wait4,	[ __NR_swapoff ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_swapoff,	[ __NR_sysinfo ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sysinfo,	[ __NR_fsync ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fsync,	[ __NR_clone ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_clone,	[ __NR_setdomainname ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setdomainname,	[ __NR_uname ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_newuname,	[ __NR_adjtimex ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_adjtimex,	[ __NR_mprotect ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mprotect,	[ __NR_create_module ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall,	[ __NR_init_module ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_init_module,	[ __NR_delete_module ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_delete_module,	[ __NR_get_kernel_syms ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall,	[ __NR_quotactl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_quotactl,	[ __NR_getpgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getpgid,	[ __NR_fchdir ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fchdir,	[ __NR_sysfs ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sysfs,	[ __NR_personality ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_personality,	[ __NR_afs_syscall ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall,	[ __NR_setfsuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setfsuid16,	[ __NR_setfsgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setfsgid16,	[ __NR_getdents ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getdents,	[ __NR_flock ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_flock,	[ __NR_msync ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_msync,	[ __NR_readv ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_readv,	[ __NR_writev ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_writev,	[ __NR_getsid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getsid,	[ __NR_fdatasync ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fdatasync,	[ __NR__sysctl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sysctl,	[ __NR_mlock ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mlock,	[ __NR_munlock ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_munlock,	[ __NR_mlockall ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mlockall,	[ __NR_munlockall ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_munlockall,	[ __NR_sched_setparam ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_setparam,	[ __NR_sched_getparam ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_getparam,	[ __NR_sched_setscheduler ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_setscheduler,	[ __NR_sched_getscheduler ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_getscheduler,	[ __NR_sched_yield ] = (syscall_handler_t *) yield,	[ __NR_sched_get_priority_max ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_get_priority_max,	[ __NR_sched_get_priority_min ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_get_priority_min,	[ __NR_sched_rr_get_interval ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_rr_get_interval,	[ __NR_nanosleep ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_nanosleep,	[ __NR_mremap ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mremap,	[ __NR_setresuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setresuid16,	[ __NR_getresuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getresuid16,	[ __NR_query_module ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall,	[ __NR_poll ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_poll,	[ __NR_nfsservctl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) NFSSERVCTL,	[ __NR_setresgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setresgid16,	[ __NR_getresgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getresgid16,	[ __NR_prctl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_prctl,	[ __NR_rt_sigreturn ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigreturn,	[ __NR_rt_sigaction ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigaction,	[ __NR_rt_sigprocmask ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigprocmask,	[ __NR_rt_sigpending ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigpending,	[ __NR_rt_sigtimedwait ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigtimedwait,	[ __NR_rt_sigqueueinfo ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigqueueinfo,	[ __NR_rt_sigsuspend ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigsuspend,	[ __NR_pread64 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_pread64,	[ __NR_pwrite64 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_pwrite64,	[ __NR_chown ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_chown16,	[ __NR_getcwd ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getcwd,	[ __NR_capget ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_capget,	[ __NR_capset ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_capset,	[ __NR_sigaltstack ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sigaltstack,	[ __NR_sendfile ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sendfile,	[ __NR_getpmsg ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall,	[ __NR_putpmsg ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall,	[ __NR_vfork ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_vfork,	[ __NR_getdents64 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getdents64,	[ __NR_gettid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_gettid,	[ __NR_readahead ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_readahead,	[ __NR_setxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setxattr,	[ __NR_lsetxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_lsetxattr,	[ __NR_fsetxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fsetxattr,	[ __NR_getxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getxattr,	[ __NR_lgetxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_lgetxattr,	[ __NR_fgetxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fgetxattr,	[ __NR_listxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_listxattr,	[ __NR_llistxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_llistxattr,	[ __NR_flistxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_flistxattr,	[ __NR_removexattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_removexattr,	[ __NR_lremovexattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_lremovexattr,	[ __NR_fremovexattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fremovexattr,	[ __NR_tkill ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_tkill,	[ __NR_futex ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_futex,	[ __NR_sched_setaffinity ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_setaffinity,	[ __NR_sched_getaffinity ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_getaffinity,	[ __NR_io_setup ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_io_setup,	[ __NR_io_destroy ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_io_destroy,	[ __NR_io_getevents ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_io_getevents,	[ __NR_io_submit ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_io_submit,	[ __NR_io_cancel ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_io_cancel,	[ __NR_exit_group ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_exit_group,	[ __NR_lookup_dcookie ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_lookup_dcookie,	[ __NR_epoll_create ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_epoll_create,	[ __NR_epoll_ctl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_epoll_ctl,	[ __NR_epoll_wait ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_epoll_wait,        [ __NR_set_tid_address ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_set_tid_address,	[ __NR_timer_create ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_timer_create,	[ __NR_timer_settime ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_timer_settime,	[ __NR_timer_gettime ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_timer_gettime,	[ __NR_timer_getoverrun ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_timer_getoverrun,	[ __NR_timer_delete ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_timer_delete,	[ __NR_clock_settime ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_clock_settime,	[ __NR_clock_gettime ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_clock_gettime,	[ __NR_clock_getres ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_clock_getres,	[ __NR_clock_nanosleep ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_clock_nanosleep,	[ __NR_statfs64 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_statfs64,	[ __NR_fstatfs64 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fstatfs64,	[ __NR_tgkill ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_tgkill,	[ __NR_utimes ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_utimes,	[ __NR_fadvise64_64 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fadvise64_64,	[ __NR_vserver ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_vserver,	[ __NR_mbind ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mbind,	[ __NR_get_mempolicy ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_get_mempolicy,	[ __NR_set_mempolicy ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_set_mempolicy,	[ __NR_mq_open ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mq_open,	[ __NR_mq_unlink ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mq_unlink,	[ __NR_mq_timedsend ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mq_timedsend,	[ __NR_mq_timedreceive ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mq_timedreceive,	[ __NR_mq_notify ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mq_notify,	[ __NR_mq_getsetattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mq_getsetattr,	[ __NR_sys_kexec_load ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall,	[ __NR_waitid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_waitid,	[ 285 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall,	[ __NR_add_key ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_add_key,	[ __NR_request_key ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_request_key,	[ __NR_keyctl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_keyctl, 	ARCH_SYSCALLS	[ LAST_SYSCALL + 1 ... NR_syscalls ] = 	        (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall};

从这里会跳转到具体的系统调用。

每个系统调用对应一个调用号(unistd.h)

#ifndef _ALPHA_UNISTD_H#define _ALPHA_UNISTD_H #define __NR_osf_syscall	  0	/* not implemented */#define __NR_exit		  1#define __NR_fork		  2#define __NR_read		  3#define __NR_write		  4#define __NR_osf_old_open	  5	/* not implemented */#define __NR_close		  6#define __NR_osf_wait4		  7#define __NR_osf_old_creat	  8	/* not implemented */#define __NR_link		  9#define __NR_unlink		 10#define __NR_osf_execve		 11	/* not implemented */#define __NR_chdir		 12#define __NR_fchdir		 13#define __NR_mknod		 14#define __NR_chmod		 15#define __NR_chown		 16#define __NR_brk		 17#define __NR_osf_getfsstat	 18	/* not implemented */#define __NR_lseek		 19#define __NR_getxpid		 20#define __NR_osf_mount		 21#define __NR_umount		 22#define __NR_setuid		 23#define __NR_getxuid		 24#define __NR_exec_with_loader	 25	/* not implemented */#define __NR_ptrace		 26#define __NR_osf_nrecvmsg	 27	/* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_nsendmsg	 28	/* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_nrecvfrom	 29	/* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_naccept	 30	/* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_ngetpeername	 31	/* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_ngetsockname	 32	/* not implemented */#define __NR_access		 33#define __NR_osf_chflags	 34	/* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_fchflags	 35	/* not implemented */#define __NR_sync		 36#define __NR_kill		 37#define __NR_osf_old_stat	 38	/* not implemented */#define __NR_setpgid		 39#define __NR_osf_old_lstat	 40	/* not implemented */#define __NR_dup		 41#define __NR_pipe		 42#define __NR_osf_set_program_attributes	43#define __NR_osf_profil		 44	/* not implemented */#define __NR_open		 45#define __NR_osf_old_sigaction	 46	/* not implemented */#define __NR_getxgid		 47#define __NR_osf_sigprocmask	 48#define __NR_osf_getlogin	 49	/* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_setlogin	 50	/* not implemented */#define __NR_acct		 51#define __NR_sigpending		 52 #define __NR_ioctl		 54#define __NR_osf_reboot		 55	/* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_revoke		 56	/* not implemented */#define __NR_symlink		 57#define __NR_readlink		 58#define __NR_execve		 59#define __NR_umask		 60#define __NR_chroot		 61#define __NR_osf_old_fstat	 62	/* not implemented */#define __NR_getpgrp		 63#define __NR_getpagesize	 64#define __NR_osf_mremap		 65	/* not implemented */#define __NR_vfork		 66#define __NR_stat		 67#define __NR_lstat		 68#define __NR_osf_sbrk		 69	/* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_sstk		 70	/* not implemented */#define __NR_mmap		 71	/* OSF/1 mmap is superset of Linux */#define __NR_osf_old_vadvise	 72	/* not implemented */#define __NR_munmap		 73#define __NR_mprotect		 74#define __NR_madvise		 75#define __NR_vhangup		 76#define __NR_osf_kmodcall	 77	/* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_mincore	 78	/* not implemented */#define __NR_getgroups		 79#define __NR_setgroups		 80#define __NR_osf_old_getpgrp	 81	/* not implemented */#define __NR_setpgrp		 82	/* BSD alias for setpgid */#define __NR_osf_setitimer	 83#define __NR_osf_old_wait	 84	/* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_table		 85	/* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_getitimer	 86#define __NR_gethostname	 87#define __NR_sethostname	 88#define __NR_getdtablesize	 89#define __NR_dup2		 90#define __NR_fstat		 91#define __NR_fcntl		 92#define __NR_osf_select		 93#define __NR_poll		 94#define __NR_fsync		 95#define __NR_setpriority	 96#define __NR_socket		 97#define __NR_connect		 98#define __NR_accept		 99#define __NR_getpriority	100
..........

首先恭喜您,能够认真的阅读到这里,如果对部分理解不太明白,建议先将文章收藏起来,然后对不清楚的知识点进行查阅,然后在进行阅读,相应你会有更深的认知。如果您喜欢这篇文章,就点个赞或者【关注我】吧!!

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