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系统调用:系统调用是操作系统为用户提供的一系列API;系统调用将用户的请求发给内核,内核执行完以后,将结果返回给用户;
如上图,是系统调用write()函数的调用过程,不难看出,在用户开始调用系统调用时,触发了软中断Int0X80。到这肯定有人疑问,为什么中断号是0X80,因为代码中把系统调用跟0X80绑定在一起。
中断向量:一个内存单元,存放中断处理程序入口地址和程序运行时所需处理机状态字。
这里不再深入讲解向量表的生成,只需要知道每个中断都有对应的中断号并对应处理程序。
linux的中断向量表:
a.0X80中断号:
/* * 我们需要下面这些内嵌语句- 从内核空间创建进程(forking)将导致没有写时复 * 制(COPY ON WRITE)!!!直到一个执行execve 调用。这对堆栈可能带来问题。处 * 理的方法是在fork()调用之后不让main()使用任何堆栈。因此就不能有函数调 * 用- 这意味着fork 也要使用内嵌的代码,否则我们在从fork()退出时就要使用堆栈了。 * * 实际上只有pause 和fork 需要使用内嵌方式,以保证从main()中不会弄乱堆栈, * 但是我们同时还定义了其它一些函数。 */ /*_syscall0 是unistd.h 中的内嵌宏代码。以嵌入汇编的形式调用Linux 的系统调用中断0x80。Linux 的系统调用中断0x80,该中断是所有系统调用的入口。syscall0 名称中最后的0 表示无参数,1 表示1 个参数。*/static _inline _syscall0(int,fork) static _inline _syscall0(int,pause) // int pause()系统调用:暂停进程的执行,直到收到一个信号。 static _inline _syscall1(int,setup,void *,BIOS) // int setup(void * BIOS)系统调用,仅用于linux 初始化(仅在这个程序中被调用)。 static _inline _syscall0(int,sync) // int sync()系统调用:更新文件系统。 #include// tty 头文件,定义了有关tty_io,串行通信方面的 // 参数、常数。#include // 调度程序头文件,定义了任务结构task_struct、第1 个 // 初始任务的数据。还有一些以宏的形式定义的有关描述符 // 参数设置和获取的嵌入式汇编函数程序。#include // head 头文件,定义了段描述符的简单结构, // 和几个选择符常量。#include // 系统头文件。以宏的形式定义了许多有关设置或修改 // 描述符/中断门等的嵌入式汇编子程序。#include // io 头文件。以宏的嵌入汇编程序形式定义对io 端 // 口操作的函数。 #include // 标准定义头文件。定义了NULL, offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER)。#include // 标准参数头文件。以宏的形式定义变量参数列表。主要说 // 明了-个类型(va_list)和三个宏(va_start, va_arg 和 // va_end),vsprintf、vprintf、vfprintf。#include // 文件控制头文件。用于文件及其描述符的操作控制常数 // 符号的定义。#include // 类型头文件。定义了基本的系统数据类型。 #include // 文件系统头文件。定义文件表结构 //(file,buffer_head,m_inode 等)。 static char printbuf[1024]; extern int vsprintf(); // 送格式化输出到一字符串中(在kernel/vsprintf.c)。extern void init(void); // 函数原形,初始化(在后面)。extern void blk_dev_init(void); // 块设备初始化子程序(kernel/blk_drv/ll_rw_blk.c)extern void chr_dev_init(void); // 字符设备初始化(kernel/chr_drv/tty_io.c)extern void hd_init(void); // 硬盘初始化程序(kernel/blk_drv/hd.c)extern void floppy_init(void); // 软驱初始化程序(kernel/blk_drv/floppy.c)extern void mem_init(long start, long end); // 内存管理初始化(mm/memory.c)extern long rd_init(long mem_start, int length); //虚拟盘初始化(kernel/blk_drv/ramdisk.c)extern long kernel_mktime(struct tm * tm); // 建立内核时间(秒)。extern long startup_time; // 内核启动时间(开机时间)(秒)。 /* * 以下这些数据是由setup.s 程序在引导时间设置的。 */#define EXT_MEM_K (*(unsigned short *)0x90002) // 1M 以后的扩展内存大小(KB)。#define DRIVE_INFO (*(struct drive_info *)0x90080) // 硬盘参数表基址。#define ORIG_ROOT_DEV (*(unsigned short *)0x901FC) // 根文件系统所在设备号。 /* * 是啊,是啊,下面这段程序很差劲,但我不知道如何正确地实现,而且好象 * 它还能运行。如果有关于实时时钟更多的资料,那我很感兴趣。这些都是试 * 探出来的,以及看了一些bios 程序,呵! */ // 这段宏读取CMOS 实时时钟信息。// 0x70 是写端口号,0x80|addr 是要读取的CMOS 内存地址。// 0x71 是读端口号。/*#define CMOS_READ(addr) ({ outb_p(0x80|addr,0x70); inb_p(0x71); })*/_inline unsigned char CMOS_READ(unsigned char addr){ outb_p(addr,0x70); return inb_p(0x71);}
下面是_system_call的汇编代码(asm.S):
_system_call: cmp eax,nr_system_calls-1 ;// 调用号如果超出范围的话就在eax 中置-1 并退出。 ja bad_sys_call push ds ;// 保存原段寄存器值。 push es push fs push edx ;// ebx,ecx,edx 中放着系统调用相应的C 语言函数的调用参数。 push ecx ;// push %ebx,%ecx,%edx as parameters push ebx ;// to the system call mov edx,10h ;// set up ds,es to kernel space mov ds,dx ;// ds,es 指向内核数据段(全局描述符表中数据段描述符)。 mov es,dx mov edx,17h ;// fs points to local data space mov fs,dx ;// fs 指向局部数据段(局部描述符表中数据段描述符)。;// 下面这句操作数的含义是:调用地址 = _sys_call_table + %eax * 4。参见列表后的说明。;// 对应的C 程序中的sys_call_table 在include/linux/sys.h 中,其中定义了一个包括72 个;// 系统调用C 处理函数的地址数组表。 call [_sys_call_table+eax*4] push eax ;// 把系统调用号入栈。 mov eax,_current ;// 取当前任务(进程)数据结构地址??eax。;// 下面97-100 行查看当前任务的运行状态。如果不在就绪状态(state 不等于0)就去执行调度程序。;// 如果该任务在就绪状态但counter[??]值等于0,则也去执行调度程序。 cmp dword ptr [state+eax],0 ;// state jne reschedule cmp dword ptr [counter+eax],0 ;// counter je reschedule
b.现场保护与恢复
因为用户态和内核态不共用一个堆栈,所以用户态调用系统调用时,得先保存用户态的信息到寄存器,然后切入到内核态,将寄存器中的信息拷贝到内核栈开始执行,执行结束后,还原之前用户态的状态让用户态继续往下执行。
用户态程序通过ebx,ecx,edx等寄存器,传递函数参数给系统调用,ebx,ecx,edx等寄存器通过SAVE_ALL宏压到内核栈。
系统调用结束之后,RESTORE_ALL宏把SAVE_ALL宏压入的寄存器反向弹出,以用于恢复现场。
c.调用系统调用表
syscall_handler_t *sys_call_table[] = { [ __NR_restart_syscall ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_restart_syscall, [ __NR_exit ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_exit, [ __NR_fork ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fork, [ __NR_read ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_read, [ __NR_write ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_write, /* These three are declared differently in asm/unistd.h */ [ __NR_open ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_open, [ __NR_close ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_close, [ __NR_creat ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_creat, [ __NR_link ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_link, [ __NR_unlink ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_unlink, [ __NR_execve ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_execve, /* declared differently in kern_util.h */ [ __NR_chdir ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_chdir, [ __NR_time ] = um_time, [ __NR_mknod ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mknod, [ __NR_chmod ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_chmod, [ __NR_lchown ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_lchown16, [ __NR_lseek ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_lseek, [ __NR_getpid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getpid, [ __NR_mount ] = um_mount, [ __NR_setuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setuid16, [ __NR_getuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getuid16, [ __NR_ptrace ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ptrace, [ __NR_alarm ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_alarm, [ __NR_pause ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_pause, [ __NR_utime ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_utime, [ __NR_access ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_access, [ __NR_sync ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sync, [ __NR_kill ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_kill, [ __NR_rename ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rename, [ __NR_mkdir ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mkdir, [ __NR_rmdir ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rmdir, /* Declared differently in asm/unistd.h */ [ __NR_dup ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_dup, [ __NR_pipe ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_pipe, [ __NR_times ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_times, [ __NR_brk ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_brk, [ __NR_setgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setgid16, [ __NR_getgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getgid16, [ __NR_geteuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_geteuid16, [ __NR_getegid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getegid16, [ __NR_acct ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_acct, [ __NR_umount2 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_umount, [ __NR_ioctl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ioctl, [ __NR_fcntl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fcntl, [ __NR_setpgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setpgid, [ __NR_umask ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_umask, [ __NR_chroot ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_chroot, [ __NR_ustat ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ustat, [ __NR_dup2 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_dup2, [ __NR_getppid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getppid, [ __NR_getpgrp ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getpgrp, [ __NR_setsid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setsid, [ __NR_setreuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setreuid16, [ __NR_setregid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setregid16, [ __NR_sethostname ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sethostname, [ __NR_setrlimit ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setrlimit, [ __NR_getrlimit ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_old_getrlimit, [ __NR_getrusage ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getrusage, [ __NR_gettimeofday ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_gettimeofday, [ __NR_settimeofday ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_settimeofday, [ __NR_getgroups ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getgroups16, [ __NR_setgroups ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setgroups16, [ __NR_symlink ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_symlink, [ __NR_readlink ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_readlink, [ __NR_uselib ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_uselib, [ __NR_swapon ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_swapon, [ __NR_reboot ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_reboot, [ __NR_munmap ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_munmap, [ __NR_truncate ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_truncate, [ __NR_ftruncate ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ftruncate, [ __NR_fchmod ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fchmod, [ __NR_fchown ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fchown16, [ __NR_getpriority ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getpriority, [ __NR_setpriority ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setpriority, [ __NR_statfs ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_statfs, [ __NR_fstatfs ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fstatfs, [ __NR_ioperm ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall, [ __NR_syslog ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_syslog, [ __NR_setitimer ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setitimer, [ __NR_getitimer ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getitimer, [ __NR_stat ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_newstat, [ __NR_lstat ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_newlstat, [ __NR_fstat ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_newfstat, [ __NR_vhangup ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_vhangup, [ __NR_wait4 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_wait4, [ __NR_swapoff ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_swapoff, [ __NR_sysinfo ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sysinfo, [ __NR_fsync ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fsync, [ __NR_clone ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_clone, [ __NR_setdomainname ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setdomainname, [ __NR_uname ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_newuname, [ __NR_adjtimex ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_adjtimex, [ __NR_mprotect ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mprotect, [ __NR_create_module ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall, [ __NR_init_module ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_init_module, [ __NR_delete_module ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_delete_module, [ __NR_get_kernel_syms ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall, [ __NR_quotactl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_quotactl, [ __NR_getpgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getpgid, [ __NR_fchdir ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fchdir, [ __NR_sysfs ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sysfs, [ __NR_personality ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_personality, [ __NR_afs_syscall ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall, [ __NR_setfsuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setfsuid16, [ __NR_setfsgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setfsgid16, [ __NR_getdents ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getdents, [ __NR_flock ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_flock, [ __NR_msync ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_msync, [ __NR_readv ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_readv, [ __NR_writev ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_writev, [ __NR_getsid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getsid, [ __NR_fdatasync ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fdatasync, [ __NR__sysctl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sysctl, [ __NR_mlock ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mlock, [ __NR_munlock ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_munlock, [ __NR_mlockall ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mlockall, [ __NR_munlockall ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_munlockall, [ __NR_sched_setparam ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_setparam, [ __NR_sched_getparam ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_getparam, [ __NR_sched_setscheduler ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_setscheduler, [ __NR_sched_getscheduler ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_getscheduler, [ __NR_sched_yield ] = (syscall_handler_t *) yield, [ __NR_sched_get_priority_max ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_get_priority_max, [ __NR_sched_get_priority_min ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_get_priority_min, [ __NR_sched_rr_get_interval ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_rr_get_interval, [ __NR_nanosleep ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_nanosleep, [ __NR_mremap ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mremap, [ __NR_setresuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setresuid16, [ __NR_getresuid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getresuid16, [ __NR_query_module ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall, [ __NR_poll ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_poll, [ __NR_nfsservctl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) NFSSERVCTL, [ __NR_setresgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setresgid16, [ __NR_getresgid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getresgid16, [ __NR_prctl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_prctl, [ __NR_rt_sigreturn ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigreturn, [ __NR_rt_sigaction ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigaction, [ __NR_rt_sigprocmask ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigprocmask, [ __NR_rt_sigpending ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigpending, [ __NR_rt_sigtimedwait ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigtimedwait, [ __NR_rt_sigqueueinfo ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigqueueinfo, [ __NR_rt_sigsuspend ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_rt_sigsuspend, [ __NR_pread64 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_pread64, [ __NR_pwrite64 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_pwrite64, [ __NR_chown ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_chown16, [ __NR_getcwd ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getcwd, [ __NR_capget ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_capget, [ __NR_capset ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_capset, [ __NR_sigaltstack ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sigaltstack, [ __NR_sendfile ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sendfile, [ __NR_getpmsg ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall, [ __NR_putpmsg ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall, [ __NR_vfork ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_vfork, [ __NR_getdents64 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getdents64, [ __NR_gettid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_gettid, [ __NR_readahead ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_readahead, [ __NR_setxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_setxattr, [ __NR_lsetxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_lsetxattr, [ __NR_fsetxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fsetxattr, [ __NR_getxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_getxattr, [ __NR_lgetxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_lgetxattr, [ __NR_fgetxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fgetxattr, [ __NR_listxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_listxattr, [ __NR_llistxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_llistxattr, [ __NR_flistxattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_flistxattr, [ __NR_removexattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_removexattr, [ __NR_lremovexattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_lremovexattr, [ __NR_fremovexattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fremovexattr, [ __NR_tkill ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_tkill, [ __NR_futex ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_futex, [ __NR_sched_setaffinity ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_setaffinity, [ __NR_sched_getaffinity ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_sched_getaffinity, [ __NR_io_setup ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_io_setup, [ __NR_io_destroy ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_io_destroy, [ __NR_io_getevents ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_io_getevents, [ __NR_io_submit ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_io_submit, [ __NR_io_cancel ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_io_cancel, [ __NR_exit_group ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_exit_group, [ __NR_lookup_dcookie ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_lookup_dcookie, [ __NR_epoll_create ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_epoll_create, [ __NR_epoll_ctl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_epoll_ctl, [ __NR_epoll_wait ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_epoll_wait, [ __NR_set_tid_address ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_set_tid_address, [ __NR_timer_create ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_timer_create, [ __NR_timer_settime ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_timer_settime, [ __NR_timer_gettime ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_timer_gettime, [ __NR_timer_getoverrun ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_timer_getoverrun, [ __NR_timer_delete ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_timer_delete, [ __NR_clock_settime ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_clock_settime, [ __NR_clock_gettime ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_clock_gettime, [ __NR_clock_getres ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_clock_getres, [ __NR_clock_nanosleep ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_clock_nanosleep, [ __NR_statfs64 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_statfs64, [ __NR_fstatfs64 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fstatfs64, [ __NR_tgkill ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_tgkill, [ __NR_utimes ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_utimes, [ __NR_fadvise64_64 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_fadvise64_64, [ __NR_vserver ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_vserver, [ __NR_mbind ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mbind, [ __NR_get_mempolicy ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_get_mempolicy, [ __NR_set_mempolicy ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_set_mempolicy, [ __NR_mq_open ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mq_open, [ __NR_mq_unlink ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mq_unlink, [ __NR_mq_timedsend ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mq_timedsend, [ __NR_mq_timedreceive ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mq_timedreceive, [ __NR_mq_notify ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mq_notify, [ __NR_mq_getsetattr ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_mq_getsetattr, [ __NR_sys_kexec_load ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall, [ __NR_waitid ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_waitid, [ 285 ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall, [ __NR_add_key ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_add_key, [ __NR_request_key ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_request_key, [ __NR_keyctl ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_keyctl, ARCH_SYSCALLS [ LAST_SYSCALL + 1 ... NR_syscalls ] = (syscall_handler_t *) sys_ni_syscall};
从这里会跳转到具体的系统调用。
每个系统调用对应一个调用号(unistd.h)
#ifndef _ALPHA_UNISTD_H#define _ALPHA_UNISTD_H #define __NR_osf_syscall 0 /* not implemented */#define __NR_exit 1#define __NR_fork 2#define __NR_read 3#define __NR_write 4#define __NR_osf_old_open 5 /* not implemented */#define __NR_close 6#define __NR_osf_wait4 7#define __NR_osf_old_creat 8 /* not implemented */#define __NR_link 9#define __NR_unlink 10#define __NR_osf_execve 11 /* not implemented */#define __NR_chdir 12#define __NR_fchdir 13#define __NR_mknod 14#define __NR_chmod 15#define __NR_chown 16#define __NR_brk 17#define __NR_osf_getfsstat 18 /* not implemented */#define __NR_lseek 19#define __NR_getxpid 20#define __NR_osf_mount 21#define __NR_umount 22#define __NR_setuid 23#define __NR_getxuid 24#define __NR_exec_with_loader 25 /* not implemented */#define __NR_ptrace 26#define __NR_osf_nrecvmsg 27 /* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_nsendmsg 28 /* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_nrecvfrom 29 /* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_naccept 30 /* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_ngetpeername 31 /* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_ngetsockname 32 /* not implemented */#define __NR_access 33#define __NR_osf_chflags 34 /* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_fchflags 35 /* not implemented */#define __NR_sync 36#define __NR_kill 37#define __NR_osf_old_stat 38 /* not implemented */#define __NR_setpgid 39#define __NR_osf_old_lstat 40 /* not implemented */#define __NR_dup 41#define __NR_pipe 42#define __NR_osf_set_program_attributes 43#define __NR_osf_profil 44 /* not implemented */#define __NR_open 45#define __NR_osf_old_sigaction 46 /* not implemented */#define __NR_getxgid 47#define __NR_osf_sigprocmask 48#define __NR_osf_getlogin 49 /* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_setlogin 50 /* not implemented */#define __NR_acct 51#define __NR_sigpending 52 #define __NR_ioctl 54#define __NR_osf_reboot 55 /* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_revoke 56 /* not implemented */#define __NR_symlink 57#define __NR_readlink 58#define __NR_execve 59#define __NR_umask 60#define __NR_chroot 61#define __NR_osf_old_fstat 62 /* not implemented */#define __NR_getpgrp 63#define __NR_getpagesize 64#define __NR_osf_mremap 65 /* not implemented */#define __NR_vfork 66#define __NR_stat 67#define __NR_lstat 68#define __NR_osf_sbrk 69 /* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_sstk 70 /* not implemented */#define __NR_mmap 71 /* OSF/1 mmap is superset of Linux */#define __NR_osf_old_vadvise 72 /* not implemented */#define __NR_munmap 73#define __NR_mprotect 74#define __NR_madvise 75#define __NR_vhangup 76#define __NR_osf_kmodcall 77 /* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_mincore 78 /* not implemented */#define __NR_getgroups 79#define __NR_setgroups 80#define __NR_osf_old_getpgrp 81 /* not implemented */#define __NR_setpgrp 82 /* BSD alias for setpgid */#define __NR_osf_setitimer 83#define __NR_osf_old_wait 84 /* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_table 85 /* not implemented */#define __NR_osf_getitimer 86#define __NR_gethostname 87#define __NR_sethostname 88#define __NR_getdtablesize 89#define __NR_dup2 90#define __NR_fstat 91#define __NR_fcntl 92#define __NR_osf_select 93#define __NR_poll 94#define __NR_fsync 95#define __NR_setpriority 96#define __NR_socket 97#define __NR_connect 98#define __NR_accept 99#define __NR_getpriority 100
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